Khans Academy

Q#1: How an interface plays a vital role in computer? Write about Command Line Interface and Graphical User Interface. Ans: An interface is a program that allows a user to interact with the computer or another computer over a network. 1.       Command Line Interface: A command line interface (CLI) is a screen or text-based representation in which the user types the commands on place called prompt to operate the computer. Commands contain string of characters. CLI is difficult to use because the user has to remember the commands and their syntaxes but it is fast in use because text mode takes less resources. 2.       Graphical User Interface:           A GUI provides a user-friendly environment where user can interact with computer through graphical           objects such as menus, icons, buttons and other graphical objects. It is easy to use as user are    ...

Q#2: Write any three functions of an operating system.                                          Ans:   1.       Memory Management 2.       File Management 3.       User Management 1.       User Management: In modern operating systems, user management describes the ability of administrators to control user access to various computer resources like software, I/O devices, storage system, networks, etc. 2.       File Management : It manages all the file-related activities such as organization storage, retrieval, naming, sharing, and protection of files. 3.       Memory Management : Memory management module performs the task of allocation and de-allocation of memory space to programs and data in need of these resourc...

Q#1: Differentiate between CLI and GUI.                                                                        Ans:   CLI and GUI CLI GUI The term CLI is an abbreviation for Command Line Interface. The term GUI is an abbreviation for Graphical User Interface. The CLI is basically a medium or a platform, where a user writes a command to answer a visual prompt and then receives a response from the system/device. The GUI lets users use graphics for interacting with the OS. It is comparatively more difficult to understand and use. It is comparatively easier to understand and use. Higher precision of work can be obtained using CLI. GUI offers a lower level of precision.

Q#6: Write any two benefits of GUI and CLI.  Ans: Command line interface:             Advantages:           a. A CLI requires less memory to operate the commands.            b. A CLI doesn’t require high-resolution monitor.            Graphical User Interface:            Advantages:            a. GUI looks very attractive and multi-colored.            b. User can switch quickly between tasks on the GUI interface.

Q#5: Why it is important to install an antivirus?  Ans: Antivirus software is software that is installed on a computer system to protect it from viruses, spyware, malware, Trojans, phishing attacks, rootkits and spam attacks, as well as any other cyber threats. Antivirus software provides us the protection for following loses.  • Slow down the computer  • Damage or delete files  • Reformat hard disk  • Frequent computer crashes  • Data loss

Q#4: What is the difference between single user and multi user OS? If you are a manager of a large organisation which type of OS will you prefer? Justify your answer with any two reasons.  Ans: In a Single User Operating System, a single user can access the computer system at a time while A Multi-User Operating System allows multiple users to access the computer at same time. Being a manager of a large organisation (imaginary), I will prefer to use multi user operating system for two reason.  a. Multi user operating system provides a better networking environment, any kind of data stored in a computer (within a network) can be accessed by any other user in same network.  b. When one computer in the network gets affected, then it does not affect another computer in the network. So, the system can be handled efficiently.

Q#3: What is the purpose of office automation software? With examples, explain how can office automation help employees to be productive and efficient?  Ans: Office Automation software is a group of computer programs that help users in their daily work. Generally we will find MS Office in school lab, offices and other places. MS Office contains word processor (MS Word), spreadsheet (MS Excel), multimedia presentation (MS PowerPoint), database management system (MS Access) and email application (MS Outlook). Following are the some key benefits which helps the employee to be productive and efficient.  1. Improved accuracy  2. Reduced Cost  3. Data storage and management  4. Save Time and Resources  5. Eliminates the need to preserve paperwork.

Q#2: Which resources are managed by Resource Management function of OS?  Ans: Function of resource management to manage all the hardware and software resources. This includes allocation and de-allocation of processor, memory, access to shared cache memory and access to network resources.

Q#1: Define Operating System. Give three examples of operating systems.  Ans: Operating System: An Operating System is a software which performs all the basic tasks like booting the computer, file management, memory management, process management, and controlling peripheral devices such as hard disk, printer, etc.  Examples: DOS, Windows, Linux.

  Q#1: Describe the following translators; i) Compiler          ii) Interpreter              c) Assembler Ans: i)                     Compiler: A compiler is a translator used to convert high-level programming language to low level programming language. Compiler takes time to do its work as it translates the whole code all at once and creates an executable file. It converts the whole program in one session, creates executable file and reports errors detected after conversion.   ii)                   Interpreter: Interpreter is also a translator used to convert high-level programming language to low level programming language. Interpreter translates the code line by line and reports ...

Q#1: What is an error in computer programming? Describe its types.    Ans: Error:             Errors are the problems or the faults that occur in the program which cause the program to behave abnormally.             The most common errors can be generally classified as follows: i)                     Syntax Error: Syntax error occurs when the code does not follow the syntax rule of the programming language. They can be mistakes such as misspelled keywords, a missing punctuation character, a missing bracket, or a missing closing parenthesis. i)                     Run-Time Error: Errors which occur during program execution (run-time) after successful compilation are called ru...

Q# 4 : Write down any three rules of naming variable in C++?  Ans:   The general rules for constructing names for variables are: 1.       Names can contain letters, digits and underscores. 2.       Names must begin with a letter or an underscore (_). 3.     Names cannot contain white spaces or special characters like !, #, %, etc.

Q#2: Write at-least three data types in C++. How much memory does each require? Ans:   Type Keyword Size Boolean Bool 1 byte Character Char 1 byte Integer int 4 byte  

Q#1: Differentiate between constant and variable.  Ans:   Constant Variable A constant does not change its value during program execution. A variable changes its value depending on instructions. Constants are usually written in numbers and may be defined in identifiers. Variables are always written in letters or symbols. Constants usually represent the known values in an equation, expression or in line of programming. Variables represents the unknown values.

Q8: List any four advantages of using an IDE.  Answer:  An IDE or an Integrated Development Environment is an application that is used to create software. The advantages of using an IDE are,  Debugging: A debugger is a feature in an IDE that is used to detect errors. It will suggest where the error is and what kind of error it is. Building Automation: Tools These tools save your time by automatically doing the processes that would otherwise be done by hand, including testing or compiling.  Libraries: Libraries provide for functions that are not included in the core part of the programming language. These need to be downloaded and imported separately in your IDE. Refactoring: Refactoring and Code Navigation tools in an IDE can help you improve your code structure without changing its behaviour.

Q7: What is the difference between source code and object code?  Answer: SOURCE CODE OBJECT CODE Source code is generated by human or programmer. Object code is generated by compiler  or other translator. Source code is high level code. Object code is low level code. Source code is written in plain text by using some high level language. Object code is translated code of source code. It is in binary format. Source code is human understandable. Object code is not human understandable. It can be changed over time. Source code needs to be compiled or translated by any other translator to get modified object code.

Q5: What are strings in C++?  Answer:  Strings in C++:  Strings are variables that can store non numerical that are longer than one single character are known as strings. Strings in C++ are also defined as an array of characters.  Q6: What is the difference between declaring and initializing a variable?  Answer:  Declaring:  Declaring a variable means the first “mention” of the variable, which tells the compiler “Hello, I am here and can be used”.  String name; int nbr;  Initializing:   The term initialization usually means the first assignment of a value to a variable.  String name = "Thomas"; int nbr = 5;

Q4: Write two differences between machine and assembly language.  Answer: Parameters Machine Language Assembly Language Syntax Nature Application Areas Code Representation Translator Requirement Machine languages are composed of binary digits (1s and 0s). Machine languages are primarily used for machine coding. Machine languages represent data and information using binary (1s and 0s), octal, and hexadecimal formats. Machine languages do not require translators as they are already in a form that machines can understand. Assembly languages use a syntax similar to English, making it more understandable to non-programmers. Assembly languages can be used in microprocessor-based applications and real-time systems. Assembly languages use mnemonics like End, Sub, Ass, Mov, Mul, etc., to represent data and information. Assembly languages require translators, also known as assemblers, to convert the mnemonics into a form that machines can understand.

Q3: Using the rules of naming variable, develop ten meaningful and valid variable names. Answer:  present  kahoot_version_4  june_1992  Parents_record_2000  this_is_variable  june_record  date_12_12_1998  political_dep_2010 Stu_id transfer_or_suspend

Q2: List five high level languages used and describe their purpose.  Language                                                   Purpose  FORTRAN                               Engineering and scientific applications  PASCAL                                  General use and as a teaching tool.  C&C++                                      General purpose – currently most popular.  JAVA                                  ...

Q1: What is computer program?  Answer: A computer program is a collection of instructions that can be executed by a computer to perform a specific job or task.

 

 

 

Q#5: Classify computer according to size.  Ans: According to Size: Computers are divided into four groups according to their size.  1. Super computers  2. Main frame computers  3. Mini computers  4. Micro computers  1. Super Computers: They are the most powerful, fastest and largest computers. They are extremely expensive. They are widely used in scientific application. Examples: weather forecasting, nuclear research, etc.  2. Main Frame Computers: They are powerful multi-user and multi-processors computers. They process at very high speed. They are expensive and require a lot of technical expertise to be installed and operated. They are used in banks.  3. Mini Computers: They are smaller than main-frame computers but more powerful than micro-computers. They usually use multi-user operating system. They are used as network servers and internet servers. Examples:DEC VAX, IBM AS/400, etc.  4. Micro Computers: They are also called personal compu...

Q#5: Classify computer according to technology.  Ans: According to Technology: Computers are classified into three types according to technology or type of data they handle.  1. Analog computers  2. Digital computers  3. Hybrid computers  1. Analog Computers: They are used to process analog data. Analog data are in the form of continuously varying physical quantities, like pressure, temperature, voltage, speed, weight. Examples:Speedometer of car, volt meter, etc.  2. Digital Computers: They are most commonly used computers. They process information with quantities using binary number system (0’s, 1’s). They are used in home, offices, business, scientific fields, educational institutes, etc.  3. Hybrid Computers: Hybrid computers are the combination of analog and digital features of computers in a single machine. They uses analog to digital and digital to analog conversions.

Q#4: Define computer bus and its types.  Ans: Computer Bus: Buses are the electric paths on which data sent and received by different components. They are just like roads. As roads connect different places, buses connect all the parts of computer to each other. They also connect all internal components on the motherboard.  There are three types of buses.  1. Control bus: It carries command between different components to control all activities in a computer.  2. Data bus: It carries data between the processor, memory unit and other components.  3. Address bus: It carries address of the data (but not the data). The address bus is used to specify memory location to be used by microprocessor for specific operation.

Q#3: Explain microprocessor and its components.  Ans: CPU or microprocessor is the brain of computer. It is a chip containing millions of tiny transistors. These transistors manipulate data. It performs all the calculations necessary to make the computer work. It fetches, decodes, executes and stores all the instructions given by the user or any other device. The speed of the computer mainly depends upon the speed of microprocessor. There are typically five components of a microprocessor.  1. Arithmetic and Logic Unit: ALU performs all the actual calculations like arithmetic operations and logical comparisons. Arithmetic operations include addition, subtraction, multiplication and division while logical comparing, selecting and matching of data.  2. Control Unit: Control Unit (CU) is responsible for controlling the transfer of data and instructions among other units of a computer. This unit controls the operations of all parts of the computer but does not carry out any ac...

Q#2: What are the basic operations of a computer system?  Ans:  Basic Operations of a Computer System: A computer is a machine that acts according to the instructions given by the user. A computer performs four basic operations.  1. Input: Computer input has many forms. It can be from a command entered using a keyboard or a mouse. It can be data sent from another computer on a network.  2. Processing: Processing is done inside the computer by the CPU. Processing is the conversion of input into output. After processing data is turned into meaningful information. This is carried out with the help of arithmetic and logical operations.  3. Storage: Storage refers to the holding or saving data. RAM, ROM and hard disk are the devices that are used for storage. 4. Output: Output id the result of a computer processing. Output may be viewed on a monitor screen, heard through speakers or printed on paper.

Q#1: Discuss the uses of computer is any two filed of life. Ans:  1. Educational Institute: Computer is now being the main part of our universities and other educational institutions day by day in order to make the management more convenient. There are some educational software's used (LMS) which helps institution administration to manage all the stuff like syllabus, faculty and student information.  2. Research or Experiment Lab: In research and experiment lab, computers are commonly used because it is easiest, time saving and better way to find and collect latest information and news about specific topic & communicate with others researchers. Research gate is a widely used platform by researchers.

Q#7: Which monitor will you prefer in your school: CRT or FPD?  Ans: I will prefer to use FPD in our school because, FPD is a latest and leading technology which has a lots of functions and advantages like it requires less power, smaller and weigh less, more adjustable and less eye strain.  Q#8: List any five components present on motherboard.  Ans:  1. CPU Chip  2. RAM slots  3. Parallel ports  4. CPU slots  5. CMOS battery  Q#9: Define ALU and CU.  Ans:   1. Arithmetic and Logic Unit: ALU performs all the actual calculations like arithmetic operations and logical comparisons. Arithmetic operations include addition, subtraction, multiplication and division while logical comparing, selecting and matching of data.  2. Control Unit: Control Unit (CU) is responsible for controlling the transfer of data and instructions among other units of a computer. This unit controls the operations of all parts of the computer but does not car...

Q#1: Explain non-linear data structure and its types. Ans: The elements of a non-linear data structure are not connected in a sequence. Each element can have multiple paths to connect to other elements. Examples of non-linear data structures are Tree, Graph, etc.  i. Tree:  This non-linear data structure is used to represent data containing a hierarchical relationship between elements. Tree represents its elements as the nodes connected to each other by edges. In each tree collection we have one root node, which is the very first node in out tree. If a node is connected to another node element, it is called a parent node and the connected node is called its child node.  ii. Graph:   A graph is a non-linear data structure consisting of data elements (finite set) called nodes/vertices and edges that are lines that connect any two nodes in that graph, there is no node called root or child. Graphs are used to solve network problem. There are two types of graphs.  1....

Q6: What is the need of index in an array?  Ans: Each location of an element in array has a numerical value called index, which is need to identify the element. Set of indexes in an array are consecutive numbers.  Q7: With the help of sketch, Define push, Pop, overflow and Enqueue, dequeue. Push and Pop:  Push operation refers to inserting an element in the stack.  Pop operation refers to the removal of an element. Overflow:  An overflow error occurs when one attempts to access the example array using an index value greater than 9. An underflow error occurs when one attempts to access the example array using an index value less than 0.  Enqueue and dequeue:  Enqueue and dequeue tend to be operations on a queue, a data structure that does exactly what it sounds like it does.  • enqueue() − add (store) an item to the queue.  • dequeue() − remove (access) an item from the queue.

Q5: What is the difference between queue and stack data structure?