Microprocessor and Its Components

Q#3: Explain microprocessor and its components. 

Ans: CPU or microprocessor is the brain of computer. It is a chip containing millions of tiny transistors. These transistors manipulate data. It performs all the calculations necessary to make the computer work. It fetches, decodes, executes and stores all the instructions given by the user or any other device. The speed of the computer mainly depends upon the speed of microprocessor. There are typically five components of a microprocessor. 

1. Arithmetic and Logic Unit: ALU performs all the actual calculations like arithmetic operations and logical comparisons. Arithmetic operations include addition, subtraction, multiplication and division while logical comparing, selecting and matching of data. 

2. Control Unit: Control Unit (CU) is responsible for controlling the transfer of data and instructions among other units of a computer. This unit controls the operations of all parts of the computer but does not carry out any actual data processing operations. CU functions just like a traffic policeman. It manages and coordinates all the units of the computer. 

3. Clock: Clock generates pulses and instructions are executed on the basis of pulses. Clock speed is measure in MHz and GHz. 

4. Registers: It is a temporary storage area that holds the data that is being processed. It is also known as programming model which may be of 8 bits, 16 bits, 32 bits or 64 bits. 

5. Cache: It is an intermediate storage area, which is available inside microprocessor. The immediate processed information is stored to cache. The cache inside the microprocessor is called internal cache and outside is called external cache.

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