Fundamentals Of Computer
Short-Answer Question
Q#1:
Define computer hardware.
Ans:
Computer Hardware:
Computer hardware is a collection
of all the physical parts or components of a computer. It includes the computer
casing, the CPU or central Processing Unit, computer memory, VGA graphics card,
sound card and the motherboard.
Q#2:
Define Computer Software.
Ans:
Computer Software:
Computer software is a computer
program that coordinates all the activities and functions of a computer. It
also controls all the operations of the computer hardware. It includes
operating system, device drivers, utility programs and language translators.
Q#3:
What are the basic operations of a computer system?
Ans:
Basic Operations of a Computer System:
A computer is a machine that acts
according to the instructions given by the user. A computer performs four basic
operations.
1. Input
2. Processing
3. Output
4. Storage
Q#4:
Describe artificial intelligence with example.
Ans: Artificial
intelligence or AI refers to software technologies that make a robot or
computer act and think like a human. Artificial intelligence is a theory
and development of computer systems that can perform tasks that normally
require human intelligence. Speech recognition,
decision-making, visual
perception.
There are some everyday examples of artificial intelligence:
2. Face Detection and Recognition
Q#5:
Discuss impact & non-impact printer with example.
Ans:
Impact
Printers:
Impact printers are printers which works by creating a direct contact between
ink ribbon and paper. These printers are noisy yet popular. Impact printers
have mechanical moving parts to conduct printing. Examples: Dot-matrix
printers, Daisy-wheel printers, and line printers.
Non-Impact
Printers:
non-Impact printers don't use any direct contact between ink ribbon and paper.
They use laser, xerographic, electrostatic, and chemical or inkjet technology.
These printers are less noisy and don't have mechanical moving parts to conduct
printing. Examples: Inkjet printers and Laser printers.
Q#6: Write
the uses of these storage devices: Hard Disk, USB Flash Disk and SD card.
Ans:
·
Hard Drive:
An internal hard drive is the main storage device in a computer.
An external hard drive is also known as removable hard drive. It is used
to store portable data and backups.
·
USB
flash drive:
It is a very small device to store the date which can be traveled
easily. USB Flash drives can attached to the computer externally.
·
SD Card:
An electronic flash memory device used to store digital
information and commonly used in mobile electronic devices. A SD card is a
removable disk.
Q#7: Which
monitor will you prefer in your school: CRT or FPD?
Ans:
I will prefer to use FPD in our school because, FPD is a latest and leading
technology which has a lots of functions and advantages like it requires less
power, smaller and weigh less, more adjustable and less eye strain.
Q#8: List any five components present on motherboard.
Ans:
1. CPU
Chip
2. RAM
slots
3. Parallel
ports
4. CPU
slots
5. CMOS
battery
Q#9: Define
ALU and CU.
Ans:
1. Arithmetic
and Logic Unit:
ALU performs all the actual calculations like arithmetic
operations and logical comparisons. Arithmetic operations include addition,
subtraction, multiplication and division while logical comparing, selecting and
matching of data.
1. Control Unit:
Control Unit (CU) is responsible for
controlling the transfer of data and instructions among other units of a computer.
This unit controls the operations of all parts of the computer but does not
carry out any actual data processing operations. CU functions just like a
traffic policeman. It manages and coordinates all the units of the computer.
Descriptive-Answer
Question
Q#1:
Discuss the uses of computer is any two filed of life.
Ans:
1. Educational
Institute:
Computer is now being the main part of our universities and other educational
institutions day by day in order to make the management more convenient. There
are some educational software's used (LMS) which helps institution
administration to manage all the stuff like syllabus, faculty and student
information.
2. Research
or Experiment Lab:
In research and experiment lab, computers are commonly used because it is
easiest, time saving and better way to find and collect latest information and
news about specific topic & communicate with others researchers. Research
gate is a widely used platform by researchers.
Q#2: What are the basic operations of a computer system?
Ans:
Basic Operations of a Computer System:
A computer is a machine that acts
according to the instructions given by the user. A computer performs four basic
operations.
1. Input:
Computer input has many forms. It can be from a command entered
using a keyboard or a mouse. It can be data sent from another computer on a
network.
2. Processing
Processing is done inside the computer by the CPU. Processing is
the conversion of input into output. After processing data is turned into meaningful
information. This is carried out with the help of arithmetic and logical
operations.
3. Storage:
Storage refers to the holding or saving data. RAM, ROM and hard
disk are the devices that are used for storage.
4. Output:
Output id the result of a computer processing. Output may be
viewed on a monitor screen, heard through speakers or printed on paper.
Q#3: Explain microprocessor and its components.
Ans:
CPU or microprocessor is the brain
of computer. It is a chip containing millions of tiny transistors. These
transistors manipulate data. It performs all the calculations necessary to make
the computer work. It fetches, decodes, executes and stores all the
instructions given by the user or any other device. The speed of the computer
mainly depends upon the speed of microprocessor.
There are typically five components
of a microprocessor.
1. Arithmetic
and Logic Unit:
ALU performs all the actual calculations like arithmetic operations and logical comparisons. Arithmetic operations include addition, subtraction, multiplication and division while logical comparing, selecting and matching of data.
1. Control Unit:
Control Unit (CU) is responsible for
controlling the transfer of data and instructions among other units of a
computer. This unit controls the operations of all parts of the computer but
does not carry out any actual data processing operations. CU functions just
like a traffic policeman. It manages and coordinates all the units of the
computer.
2. Clock:
Clock generates pulses and instructions
are executed on the basis of pulses. Clock speed is measure in MHz and GHz.
3. Registers:
It is a temporary storage area that
holds the data that is being processed. It is also known as programming model
which may be of 8 bits, 16 bits, 32 bits or 64 bits.
4. Cache:
It is an intermediate storage area,
which is available inside microprocessor. The immediate processed information
is stored to cache. The cache inside the microprocessor is called internal
cache and outside is called external cache.
Q#4:
Define computer bus and its types.
Ans: Computer Bus:
Buses are the electric paths on
which data sent and received by different components. They are just like roads.
As roads connect different places, buses connect all the parts of computer to
each other. They also connect all internal components on the motherboard.
There are three types of buses.
1. Control
bus:
It carries command between different components to control all
activities in a computer.
2. Data
bus:
It carries data between the processor, memory unit and other
components.
3. Address
bus:
It carries address of the data (but not the data). The address bus
is used to specify memory location to be used by microprocessor for specific
operation.
Q#5:
Classify computer according to technology.
Ans: According to Technology:
Computers are classified into three types according to technology
or type of data they handle.
1. Analog
computers
2. Digital
computers
3. Hybrid
computers
1. Analog
Computers:
They are used to process
analog data. Analog data are in the form of continuously varying physical
quantities, like pressure, temperature, voltage, speed, weight.
Examples: Speedometer of car,
volt meter, etc.
2. Digital
Computers:
They are most
commonly used computers. They process information with quantities using binary
number system (0’s, 1’s). They are used in home, offices, business, scientific
fields, educational institutes, etc.
3. Hybrid
Computers:
Hybrid computers are the combination of analog and digital
features of computers in a single machine. They use analog to digital and
digital to analog conversions.
Q#5:
Classify computer according to size.
Ans: According to Size:
Computers are divided into four groups according to their size.
1. Super
computers
2. Main
frame computers
3. Mini
computers
4. Micro
computers
1. Super
Computers:
They are the most
powerful, fastest and largest computers. They are extremely expensive. They are
widely used in scientific application.
Examples: weather forecasting, nuclear research, etc.
2. Main
Frame Computers:
They are
powerful multi-user and multi-processors computers. They process at very high
speed. They are expensive and require a lot of technical expertise to be
installed and operated. They are used in banks.
3. Mini
Computers:
They are
smaller than main-frame computers but more powerful than micro-computers. They
usually use multi-user operating system. They are used as network servers and
internet servers.
Examples: DEC VAX, IBM
AS/400, etc.
4. Micro
Computers:
They are also called personal computers. They use microprocessor.
They are cheaper yet faster and more reliable. They are the smallest computers.
They are used for documentation, calculation, illustration, entertainment,
communication, socialization, etc.
Q#1:
Why are utility programs used in computer? (2023,2021)
Ans: Utility means being useful. Utility programs
are useful computer programs that help to manage, maintain and control computer
resources. Operating system usually have pre-installed programs that can serve
purpose, but utility software provides further functionality.
Q#2:
What are the basic operations of a computer? Write all the operations. (2023)
Ans:
Basic Operations of a Computer System:
A computer is a machine that acts
according to the instructions given by the user. A computer performs four basic
operations.
1. Input
2. Processing
3. Output
4. Storage
Q#3:
Which calculating devices were invented in the mechanical era? Write about any
three devices. (2023)
Ans: Following are some devices invented in
mechanical era: Abacus, Napier’s Bones, Slide Rule, Pascaline, Leibniz’s
Calculator, Babbage’s Difference and Analytical Engine.
1. Abacus:
Is was invented about 5000 years ago. It is also known as counting
frame. Abacus is still used to teach basic arithmetic operations to the
students. It is considered as first computer prototype.
2. Napier’s
Bones:
John Napier developed Napier’s Bones in 1612. It is also called
Napier’s Rods. It was a small machine that contained ten rods. The rods are
made up of bones, wood or metal. It was used for multiplication or division.
Q#5:
Describe “Artificial Intelligence” with example? (2022)
Ans: Artificial
intelligence or AI refers to software technologies that make a robot or
computer act and think like a human. Artificial intelligence is a theory
and development of computer systems that can perform tasks that normally
require human intelligence. Speech recognition,
decision-making, visual
perception.
There are some everyday examples of artificial intelligence:
Q#6:
Which monitor will you prefer in your school: CRT or FPD? Why? (2022)
Ans: I will
prefer to use FPD in our school because, FPD is a latest and leading technology
which has a lots of functions and advantages like it requires less power,
smaller and weigh less, more adjustable and less eye strain.
Q#7:
Define computer hardware? (2021)
Ans:
Computer Hardware:
Computer hardware is a collection of all the physical parts or components of a computer. It includes the computer casing, the CPU or central Processing Unit, computer memory, VGA graphics card, sound card and the motherboard.
Q#1:
Define the following components and where are these found in computer? (2023)
i.
Arithmetic
and Logic Unit ii. Control Unit
Ans:
i.
Arithmetic
and Logic Unit:
ALU performs
all the actual calculations like arithmetic operations and logical comparisons.
Arithmetic operations include addition, subtraction, multiplication and
division while logical comparing, selecting and matching of data. It is found
on microprocessor.
ii.
Control
Unit:
Control Unit (CU) is responsible for controlling the transfer of data and
instructions among other units of a computer. This unit controls the operations
of all parts of the computer but does not carry out any actual data processing
operations. CU functions just like a traffic policeman. It manages and
coordinates all the units of the computer. It is found on microprocessor.
Q#2:
Define computer software and its types? (2023)
Ans:
Computer Software:
Computer software is a computer
program that coordinates all the activities and functions of a computer. It
also controls all the operations of the computer hardware. It includes
operating system, device drivers, utility programs and language translators.
Q#3:
IT field provides different careers. Write about any four careers of IT field. (2023)
Ans:
Careers in IT field:
1. Software
Engineer:
A person who uses different programming languages to develop software products like games, Learning Management System (LMS), business applications, educational and entertainment software.
2. Network
Administrator:
An IT expert who manages an organizations network. He or she is responsible for installing, maintaining and upgrading any software or hardware required to efficiently run a computer network.
3. Database Administrator:
A skilled professional who maintains a secure database environment, in an office business or organization.
4. Web
Designer:
People who built websites. They prepare a site’s content with
eye-catching designs, attractive images and strong text. They are also
responsible for updating and maintaining an existing site.
Q#4:
What are the basic operations of a computer system? (2022)
Ans:
Basic Operations of a Computer System:
A computer is a machine that acts
according to the instructions given by the user. A computer performs four basic
operations.
1. Input:
Computer input has many forms. It can be from a command entered
using a keyboard or a mouse. It can be data sent from another computer on a network.
2. Processing
Processing is done inside the computer by the CPU. Processing is
the conversion of input into output. After processing data is turned into
meaningful information. This is carried out with the help of arithmetic and
logical operations.
3. Storage:
Storage refers to the holding or saving data. RAM, ROM and hard
disk are the devices that are used for storage.
4. Output:
Output
id the result of a computer processing. Output may be viewed on a monitor
screen, heard through speakers or printed on paper.
Q#5:
Explain microprocessor and its components. (2021)
Ans:
CPU or microprocessor is the brain
of computer. It is a chip containing millions of tiny transistors. These
transistors manipulate data. It performs all the calculations necessary to make
the computer work. It fetches, decodes, executes and stores all the
instructions given by the user or any other device. The speed of the computer
mainly depends upon the speed of microprocessor.
There are typically five components
of a microprocessor.
1. Arithmetic
and Logic Unit:
ALU performs all the actual calculations like arithmetic
operations and logical comparisons. Arithmetic operations include addition,
subtraction, multiplication and division while logical comparing, selecting and
matching of data.
2. Control Unit:
Control Unit (CU) is responsible for
controlling the transfer of data and instructions among other units of a
computer. This unit controls the operations of all parts of the computer but
does not carry out any actual data processing operations. CU functions just
like a traffic policeman. It manages and coordinates all the units of the
computer.
3. Clock:
Clock generates pulses and instructions
are executed on the basis of pulses. Clock speed is measure in MHz and GHz.
4. Registers:
It is a temporary storage area that
holds the data that is being processed. It is also known as programming model
which may be of 8 bits, 16 bits, 32 bits or 64 bits.
5. Cache:
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